Total joint replacement (TJR) surgery is one of the most successful operations for end-stage arthritic disorders and fractures around the joint. However, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a concerning complication after TJR and affects postoperative functional outcomes. Diagnosis for PJI is the first step leading to definite treatment. In clinical practice, the authors found incomplete laboratory studies and misinterpretation in some diagnostic tests, especially the recently proposed tools. Incomplete investigations delay the diagnosis and appropriate management, impact poor functional results, and increase morbidity. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence of PJI-related risk factors, clinical clues of signs and symptoms, the common pathogen, and PJI diagnosis criteria. This clinical practice guideline is proposed for Srinagarind Hospitals physicians, orthopaedic residents, and other health care providers for guidance on the PJI diagnosis.
