สรุป
จากผลการทดลองในการศึกษานี้แสดงถึงศักยภาพของสารสกัดส่วนเปลือกต้นของโคคลานด้วยแอลกอฮอล์ต่อการเคลื่อนที่ของเซลล์บุผนังหลอดเลือดและเซลล์มะเร็งท่อน้ำดี โดยพบว่าความเข้มข้นของสารสกัดที่ไม่มีพิษต่อเซลล์สามารถยับยั้งการเคลื่อนที่ของเซลล์ทั้ง 2 ชนิดได้ตามความเข้มข้นที่เพิ่มขึ้น ดังนั้นผลการทดลองนี้จึงสนับสนุนฤทธิ์ของโคคลานในการต้านมะเร็งด้วยการยับยั้งกระบวนการ angiogenesis และ tumor cell migration
กิตติกรรมประกาศ
เอกสารอ้างอิง
1. Ranieri G, Gasparini G. Angiogenesis and angiogenesis inhibitors: a new potential anticancer therapeutic strategy. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 2001;1:241-53.
2. Slaton JW, Inoue K, Perrotte P, El-Naggar AK, Swanson DA, Fidler IJ, et al. Expression levels of genes that regulate metastasis and angiogenesis correlate with advanced pathological stage of renal cell carcinoma. Am J Pathol 2001;158:735-43.
3. Marler JJ, Fishman SJ, Kilroy SM, Fang J, Upton J, Mulliken JB, et al. Increased expression of urinary matrix metalloproteinases parallels the extent and activity of vascular anomalies. Pediatrics 2005;116:38-45.
4. Jedinak A, Muckova M, Kost'alova D, Maliar T, Masterova I. Antiprotease and antimetastatic activity of ursolic acid isolated from Salvia officinalis. Z Naturforsch C 2006;61:777-82.
5. Lee TK, Poon RT, Wo JY, Ma S, Guan XY, Myers JN, et al. Lupeol suppresses cisplatin-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and inhibits local invasion and nodal metastasis in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Cancer Res 2007;67:8800-9.
6. Yamai H, Sawada N, Yoshida T, Seike J, Takizawa H, Kenzaki K, et al. Triterpenes augment the inhibitory effects of anticancer drugs on growth of human esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro and suppress experimental metastasis in vivo. Int J Cancer 2009;125:952-60.
7. Huang PL, Wang LW, Lin CN. New triterpenoids of mallotus repandus. J Nat Prod 1999;62:891-2.
8. Yang LL, Yen KY, Kiso Y, Hikino H. Antihepatotoxic actions of Formosan plant drugs. J Ethnopharmacol 1987;19:103-10.
9. Lin CC, Lin JM, Chiu HF. Studies on folk medicine "thang-kau-tin" from Taiwan. (I). The anti-inflammatory and liver-protective effect. Am J Chin Med 1992;20:37-50.
10. Lin JM, Lin CC, Chen MF, Ujiie T, Takada A. Studies on Taiwan folk medicine, thang-kau-tin (II): Measurement of active oxygen scavenging activity using an ESR technique. Am J Chin Med 1995;23:43-51.
11. Fernandez MA, de las Heras B, Garcia MD, Saenz MT, Villar A. New insights into the mechanism of action of the anti-inflammatory triterpene lupeol. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1533-9.
12. Somova LO, Nadar A, Rammanan P, Shode FO. Cardiovascular, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of oleanolic and ursolic acids in experimental hypertension. Phytomedicine 2003;10:115-21.
13. Gayathri R, Priya DK, Gunassekaran GR, Sakthisekaran D. Ursolic acid attenuates oxidative stress-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma induction by diethylnitrosamine in male Wistar rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009;10:933-8.
14. Jeong HG, Kim HG, Hwang YP. Involvement of cytokines in the hepatic expression of metallothionein by ursolic acid. Toxicol Lett 2005;155:369-76.
15. You YJ, Nam NH, Kim Y, Bae KH, Ahn BZ. Antiangiogenic activity of lupeol from Bombax ceiba. Phytother Res 2003;17:341-4.
16. Cardenas C, Quesada AR, Medina MA. Effects of ursolic acid on different steps of the angiogenic process. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;320:402-8.
17. Kiran MS, Viji RI, Sameer Kumar VB, Sudhakaran PR. Modulation of angiogenic factors by ursolic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008;371:556-60.
18. Sogno I, Vannini N, Lorusso G, Cammarota R, Noonan DM, Generoso L, et al. Anti-angiogenic activity of a novel class of chemopreventive compounds: oleanic acid terpenoids. Recent Results Cancer Res 2009;181:209-12.
19. Gao X, Deeb D, Jiang H, Liu Y, Dulchavsky SA, Gautam SC. Synthetic triterpenoids inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in human glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells through inhibition of prosurvival Akt, NF-kappaB and Notch1 signaling. J Neurooncol 2007;84:147-57.
20. He X, Liu RH. Triterpenoids isolated from apple peels have potent antiproliferative activity and may be partially responsible for apple's anticancer activity. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:4366-70.
21. Neto CC, Amoroso JW, Liberty AM. Anticancer activities of cranberry phytochemicals: an update. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008;52 Suppl 1:S18-27.
22. Petronelli A, Pannitteri G, Testa U. Triterpenoids as new promising anticancer drugs. Anticancer Drugs 2009;20:880-92.
23. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 1983;65:55-63.
24. Deryugina EI, Bourdon MA. Tenascin mediates human glioma cell migration and modulates cell migration on fibronectin. J Cell Sci 1996;109 ( Pt 3):643-52.
25. Johnson SM, Wang X, Mark Evers B. Triptolide Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Colon Cancer Cells by Inhibition of Cell Cycle Regulators and Cytokine Receptors. J Surg Res 2009.
26. Vannini N, Lorusso G, Cammarota R, Barberis M, Noonan DM, Sporn MB, et al. The synthetic oleanane triterpenoid, CDDO-methyl ester, is a potent antiangiogenic agent. Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6:3139-46.
27. Sorokina IV, Tolstikova TG, Zhukova NA, Petrenko NI, Uzenkova NV, Shul'ts EE, et al. Antitumor and antimetastatic effects of betulonic acid amides in mice with transplantable lewis carcinoma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2006;142:69-72.